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• In two white papers released this month, Beijing said its form of globalisation would be fairer, more inclusive and less judgmental than the one led by “hegemonic” Western powers which seek a “zero-sum game”.
• Defence sources said the BRO has upgraded nine bridges on the new route from 40-tonne to 70-tonne load capacity to facilitate the movement of heavier vehicles and artillery.
• Beijing has repeatedly blocked India’s efforts to designate Pakistan-based militants as global terrorists in the United Nations, frustrating New Delhi’s counterterrorism initiatives.

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Thus, it is up to China’s interest to assist Pakistan in maintaining its image as a reliable ally to the developing world, as per think tank Observer Research Foundation (ORF). Since the foundation of CPEC relies on Chinese equity holdings in Pakistan’s infrastructure projects, Islamabad is liable for 80% of the investments related to the corridor. Despite the International Monetary Fund’s chicken road apk download (IMF) recommendations, Pakistan imported large volumes of materials for the projects before seeking a bailout worth US$ 6.3 billion from the intergovernmental body. While Pakistan’s unsustainable external debt and economic difficulties predated the CPEC agreement, the initiative exacerbated the country’s widening current account deficits and bled foreign exchange reserves.

Border game changer: Strategic ‘China-proof’ road near LAC to be ready next year

Initially, China focused on constructing new coal-fired power plants within the framework of the CPEC. People of Pakistan initially got hope and relief from the country’s persistent power and energy issues with the introduction of the CPEC project. The three nations have reaffirmed their commitment towards “regional peace, stability and development”. If you are a game or software developer and you want to submit your product to us – please refer to our Submit Program page. FileHorse is not just a software download portal, but also a big knowledge base for apps and games.

In a move that is fraught with geopolitical consequences, China and Pakistan have decided to expand their economic corridor (CPEC) to Afghanistan to boost trilateral cooperation. Each software is released under license type that can be found on program pages as well as on search or category pages. Beijing’s trillion-dollar experiment has created a powerful tool to wield influence. The view from China is that “now globalisation is in danger. The West, in the name of ‘de-risking’, is actually ‘de-China-risking’,” said Wang Yiwei, a professor who studies the BRI at Renmin University of China. “The BRI is a public road open to all, not a private path owned by any single party,” it said.

China’s Belt and Road: a Game Changer?

A view of the container terminal within the Saint Petersburg seaport, serving as the departure point for the container ship ‘Newnew Polar Bear,’ which recently completed a successful transit of the Northern Sea Route. Global trade has entered a phase of profound transformation, marked by systemic shocks, renewed great-power rivalry, and the return of protectionism as a core geopolitical tool China’s Fourth Plenum reaffirmed Xi Jinping’s grip on power and commitment to industrial self-reliance through the new Five-Year Plan. This report, edited by Alessia Amighini, provides an in-depth analysis of the BRI, its logic, rationale and implications for international economic and political relations. Europe, the end-point of the New Silk Roads, both by land and by sea, is the ultimate geographic destination and political partner in the Belt and Road Initiative. Officially announced by president Xi Jinping in 2013, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has since become the centrepiece of China’s economic diplomacy.

“Belt” refers to overland routes connecting China to Europe through Central Asia, as well as to South Asia and South East Asia; while “Road” denotes a maritime network linking China to major ports through Asia to Africa and Europe. With an unprecedented glut of cash pumped into nearly 150 countries, China boasts it has transformed the world – and it is not wrong. A signature policy of President Xi Jinping, the BRI is aimed at stitching China closer to the world through investments and infrastructure projects. Several other strategic projects are going on in the region to enhance troop mobility. The road originates from Sasoma in the Nubra Valley, close to the Siachen https://chickenroadapp.in/ base camp. The new road, being built by the Border Roads Organisation (BRO), will reduce the distance from Leh to DBO by 79 km and cut down the travel time dramatically from two days to just hours.

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Some critics accuse China of engaging in “debt trap diplomacy” by luring poorer countries to sign up for expensive projects so that Beijing could eventually seize control of assets put up as collateral. Most of the estimated $1tn (£820bn) has been poured into energy and transport projects, such as power plants and railways. Defence sources said the BRO has upgraded nine bridges on the new route from 40-tonne to 70-tonne load capacity to facilitate the movement of heavier vehicles and artillery. The 130-km-long new route, via Sasoma-Saser La-Saser Brangsa-Gapshan-DBO, will be a secure and faster alternative to the existing Darbuk-Shyok-DBO (DSDBO) road, which is vulnerable to Chinese surveillance. The Arctic Institute’s research and capacity building projects help make the Arctic a more secure, just, and sustainable place.

• Initially, China focused on constructing new coal-fired power plants within the framework of the CPEC.
• Indeed, amidst international and domestic turmoil, the development of the PSR in 2022 – and so far in 2023 – seems to have slowed down drastically.
• The PSR has mysteriously disappeared from Sino-Russian negotiations, although development of transport corridors remains on the agenda.
• As Russia indicated a strong desire for China’s presence in the Arctic, the PSR has largely disappeared from the official Chinese discourse, raising more questions about China’s long-term intentions with its Arctic policy and its wider strategic approach to the global order.
• But the think tank and other observers have pointed out the borrowing countries are also to blame, either for rushing into deals without proper planning or mismanaging finances like in the Hambantota case.

Chinese banks signed the total of EUR 12.5 billion in loans for the two projects, about 1.4 percent of the USD 932 billion of cumulative BRI engagement. Russia was one of fourteen countries that saw a 100 percent decrease in BRI engagement in 2022.8)Nedopil C (2023) China Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) Investment Report 2022. Yet, the technical specifications eventually released by China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation in late 2019 made plans for a conventionally-powered icebreaker. Indeed, amidst international and domestic turmoil, the development of the PSR in 2022 – and so far in 2023 – seems to have slowed down drastically. The PSR has mysteriously disappeared from Sino-Russian negotiations, although development of transport corridors remains on the agenda.

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A growing backlash has prompted some countries like Malaysia and Tanzania to cancel BRI deals. China has also been criticised over its so-called “hidden debts” – governments don’t know how exposed their borrowing institutions are, which makes it difficult for countries to weigh up the BRI’s costs and benefits. Now, from Sri Lanka and the Maldives to Laos and Kenya, countries are struggling with BRI debt.

India has fast-tracked the construction of the new road following the Galwan Valley clash in 2020 amid a border standoff with China. In a boost to border infrastructure along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), an alternate route to the strategic Daulat Beg Oldie (DBO) sector in Ladakh, free of surveillance by Chinese soldiers, will be ready next year. Composed of a group of people who love board games， the Gameland team devotes great efforts to helping creators bring high experience and cost-effective products to players.

But Beijing has even grander plans for the BRI, which it now touts as the foundation of “the global community of shared future”. It has also moved away from being the only creditor in the BRI, and started a platform where other countries and international banks can lend money. China has also announced a new “digital silk road” focused on telecommunication and digital infrastructure. Examples given by state media include bamboo and rattan-weaving programmes in Liberia, biogas technology projects in Tonga and Samoa, and promoting mushroom-growing technology in Fiji, Papua New Guinea and Rwanda. Beijing preaches the mantra of “small and beautiful” where, through low-investment, high-yield projects, the BRI can have more relevance. But observers have also raised concerns of possible economic coercion, where foreign governments feel pressured to follow Beijing’s agenda or risk China pulling out investment.

China’s Fourth Plenum Focuses on Industrial Strength Ahead of Xi-Trump Meeting

As China is striving to become a global power, including in maritime and transportation domains, the Arctic is of interest to China. Main efforts are at the moment concentrated in research and development of technologies necessary for polar shipping and mining, such as ice-enhanced LNG ships, icebreakers, and polar deep-sea exploration vessels. Despite these examples of the PSR developments slowing down, China has invested in projects in the Arctic under the umbrella of the PSR, the most important project being Yamal LNG. While it is seen as an important framework for cooperation, not just with Russia but also with countries in North-East Asia and the Nordics, it is still uncertain how important it is in China’s overall strategy. The European Union redefines its strategic priorities through the rise of geoeconomics, the structuring of de-risking, and their current testing in a shifting global context

The EU’s Road to Economic Security: De-risking, Strategic Investments and Critical Partnerships

Having become the lender of first resort for many low or middle income countries through the BRI, China is now the world’s biggest international creditor. “It’s about Chinese state-owned enterprises going abroad… to help facilitate the flow of resources that China needs,” said Jacob Gunter, a senior analyst at the Mercator Institute for China Studies. About $19.1tn of goods were traded between China and BRI countries in the past decade. It started off with heavy state-driven investment into hard infrastructure abroad.

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The Sky is not the Limit. Geopolitics and Economics of the new space race

Beijing has repeatedly blocked India’s efforts to designate Pakistan-based militants as global terrorists in the United Nations, frustrating New Delhi’s counterterrorism initiatives. Beyond economic investments, China and Pakistan maintain robust military ties. India firmly and consistently opposes projects in the so-called CPEC, which are in Indian territory that has been illegally occupied by Pakistan.” The project was viewed as a component of China’s overarching plan to surround India and seize power in the area. The CPEC’s extension into Afghanistan involves connecting Pakistani infrastructure to Afghan roads, railways and mineral-rich provinces, potentially linking the entire region to China’s western logistics and trade networks.

Beijing touted this as an economic win-win – it told other countries these investments would stimulate development, while at home it sold the BRI as a way to help Chinese companies, boost the economy and burnish the country’s reputation. In two white papers released this month, Beijing said its form of globalisation would be fairer, more inclusive and less judgmental than the one led by “hegemonic” Western powers which seek a “zero-sum game”. Pew Research found that in the past decade many middle-income countries have increasingly favourable attitudes towards China, including Mexico, Argentina, South Africa, Kenya and Nigeria. Beijing projects soft power and positions itself as a leader in the Global South, paying for thousands of Chinese university scholarships, cultural exchange programmes and Confucius Institutes. One recent study by research lab Aid Data found more than a third of the projects face such problems.